Smack/source/org/jivesoftware/smack/XMPPConnection.java

/**
 * $RCSfile$
 * $Revision$
 * $Date$
 *
 * Copyright 2003-2004 Jive Software.
 *
 * All rights reserved. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.jivesoftware.smack;

import org.jivesoftware.smack.debugger.SmackDebugger;
import org.jivesoftware.smack.filter.PacketFilter;
import org.jivesoftware.smack.filter.PacketTypeFilter;
import org.jivesoftware.smack.packet.Message;
import org.jivesoftware.smack.packet.Packet;
import org.jivesoftware.smack.packet.Presence;
import org.jivesoftware.smack.packet.XMPPError;
import org.jivesoftware.smack.util.StringUtils;
import org.jivesoftware.smack.util.DNSUtil;

import javax.net.SocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * Creates a connection to a XMPP server. A simple use of this API might
 * look like the following:
 * <pre>
 * // Create a connection to the jivesoftware.com XMPP server.
 * XMPPConnection con = new XMPPConnection("jivesoftware.com");
 * // Most servers require you to login before performing other tasks.
 * con.login("jsmith", "mypass");
 * // Start a new conversation with John Doe and send him a message.
 * Chat chat = con.createChat("jdoe@jabber.org");
 * chat.sendMessage("Hey, how's it going?");
 * </pre>
 *
 * @author Matt Tucker
 */
public class XMPPConnection {

    /**
     * Value that indicates whether debugging is enabled. When enabled, a debug
     * window will apear for each new connection that will contain the following
     * information:<ul>
     *      <li> Client Traffic -- raw XML traffic generated by Smack and sent to the server.
     *      <li> Server Traffic -- raw XML traffic sent by the server to the client.
     *      <li> Interpreted Packets -- shows XML packets from the server as parsed by Smack.
     * </ul>
     *
     * Debugging can be enabled by setting this field to true, or by setting the Java system
     * property <tt>smack.debugEnabled</tt> to true. The system property can be set on the
     * command line such as "java SomeApp -Dsmack.debugEnabled=true".
     */
    public static boolean DEBUG_ENABLED = false;

    private static List connectionEstablishedListeners = new ArrayList();

    static {
        // Use try block since we may not have permission to get a system
        // property (for example, when an applet).
        try {
            DEBUG_ENABLED = Boolean.getBoolean("smack.debugEnabled");
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            // Ignore.
        }
        // Ensure the SmackConfiguration class is loaded by calling a method in it.
        SmackConfiguration.getVersion();
    }
    private SmackDebugger debugger = null;

    /**
     * IP address or host name of the server. This information is only used when
     * creating new socket connections to the server. If this information is not
     * configured then it will be assumed that the host name matches the service name.
     */
    String host;
    int port;
    Socket socket;

    /**
     * Hostname of the XMPP server. Usually servers use the same service name as the name
     * of the server. However, there are some servers like google where host would be
     * talk.google.com and the serviceName would be gmail.com.
     */
    String serviceName;

    String connectionID;
    private String user = null;
    private boolean connected = false;
    private boolean authenticated = false;
    private boolean anonymous = false;
    private boolean usingTLS = false;

    PacketWriter packetWriter;
    PacketReader packetReader;

    Roster roster = null;
    private AccountManager accountManager = null;
    private SASLAuthentication saslAuthentication = new SASLAuthentication(this);

    Writer writer;
    Reader reader;

    /**
     * A map between JIDs and the most recently created Chat object with that JID.
     * Reference to the Chat is stored via a WeakReference so that the map
     * does not interfere with garbage collection. The map of chats must be stored
     * with each connection.
     */
    Map chats = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap());

    /**
     * Creates a new connection to the specified XMPP server. A DNS SRV lookup will be
     * performed to try to determine the IP address and port corresponding to the
     * serviceName; if that lookup fails, it's assumed that server resides at serviceName
     * with the default port of 5222. This is the preferred constructor for connecting
     * to an XMPP server.
     *
     * @param serviceName the name of the XMPP server to connect to; e.g. <tt>jivesoftware.com</tt>.
     * @throws XMPPException if an error occurs while trying to establish the connection.
     *      Two possible errors can occur which will be wrapped by an XMPPException --
     *      UnknownHostException (XMPP error code 504), and IOException (XMPP error code
     *      502). The error codes and wrapped exceptions can be used to present more
     *      appropiate error messages to end-users.
     */
    public XMPPConnection(String serviceName) throws XMPPException {
        DNSUtil.HostAddress address = DNSUtil.resolveXMPPDomain(serviceName);

        this.host = address.getHost();
        this.port = address.getPort();
        try {
            this.socket = new Socket(host, port);
        }
        catch (UnknownHostException uhe) {
            throw new XMPPException(
                "Could not connect to " + host + ":" + port + ".",
                new XMPPError(504),
                uhe);
        }
        catch (IOException ioe) {
            throw new XMPPException(
                "XMPPError connecting to " + host + ":" + port + ".",
                new XMPPError(502),
                ioe);
        }
        this.serviceName = serviceName;
        init();
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new connection to the specified XMPP server on the given port. The IP address
     * of the server is assumed to match the service name.
     *
     * @param host the name of the XMPP server to connect to; e.g. <tt>jivesoftware.com</tt>.
     * @param port the port on the server that should be used; e.g. <tt>5222</tt>.
     * @throws XMPPException if an error occurs while trying to establish the connection.
     *      Two possible errors can occur which will be wrapped by an XMPPException --
     *      UnknownHostException (XMPP error code 504), and IOException (XMPP error code
     *      502). The error codes and wrapped exceptions can be used to present more
     *      appropiate error messages to end-users.
     */
    public XMPPConnection(String host, int port) throws XMPPException {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
        try {
            this.socket = new Socket(host, port);
        }
        catch (UnknownHostException uhe) {
            throw new XMPPException(
                "Could not connect to " + host + ":" + port + ".",
                new XMPPError(504),
                uhe);
        }
        catch (IOException ioe) {
            throw new XMPPException(
                "XMPPError connecting to " + host + ":" + port + ".",
                new XMPPError(502),
                ioe);
        }
        this.serviceName = host;
        init();
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new connection to the specified XMPP server on the given host and port.
     *
     * @param host the host name, or null for the loopback address.
     * @param port the port on the server that should be used; e.g. <tt>5222</tt>.
     * @param serviceName the name of the XMPP server to connect to; e.g. <tt>jivesoftware.com</tt>.
     * @throws XMPPException if an error occurs while trying to establish the connection.
     *      Two possible errors can occur which will be wrapped by an XMPPException --
     *      UnknownHostException (XMPP error code 504), and IOException (XMPP error code
     *      502). The error codes and wrapped exceptions can be used to present more
     *      appropiate error messages to end-users.
     */
    public XMPPConnection(String host, int port, String serviceName) throws XMPPException {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
        try {
            this.socket = new Socket(host, port);
        }
        catch (UnknownHostException uhe) {
            throw new XMPPException(
                "Could not connect to " + host + ":" + port + ".",
                new XMPPError(504),
                uhe);
        }
        catch (IOException ioe) {
            throw new XMPPException(
                "XMPPError connecting to " + host + ":" + port + ".",
                new XMPPError(502),
                ioe);
        }
        this.serviceName = serviceName;
        init();
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new connection to the specified XMPP server on the given port using the
     * specified SocketFactory.<p>
     *
     * A custom SocketFactory allows fine-grained control of the actual connection to the
     * XMPP server. A typical use for a custom SocketFactory is when connecting through a
     * SOCKS proxy.
     *
     * @param host the host name, or null for the loopback address.
     * @param port the port on the server that should be used; e.g. <tt>5222</tt>.
     * @param serviceName the name of the XMPP server to connect to; e.g. <tt>jivesoftware.com</tt>.
     * @param socketFactory a SocketFactory that will be used to create the socket to the XMPP
     *        server.
     * @throws XMPPException if an error occurs while trying to establish the connection.
     *      Two possible errors can occur which will be wrapped by an XMPPException --
     *      UnknownHostException (XMPP error code 504), and IOException (XMPP error code
     *      502). The error codes and wrapped exceptions can be used to present more
     *      appropiate error messages to end-users.
     */
    public XMPPConnection(String host, int port, String serviceName, SocketFactory socketFactory)
            throws XMPPException
    {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
        try {
            this.socket = socketFactory.createSocket(host, port);
        }
        catch (UnknownHostException uhe) {
            throw new XMPPException(
                "Could not connect to " + host + ":" + port + ".",
                new XMPPError(504),
                uhe);
        }
        catch (IOException ioe) {
            throw new XMPPException(
                "XMPPError connecting to " + host + ":" + port + ".",
                new XMPPError(502),
                ioe);
        }
        this.serviceName = serviceName;
        init();
    }

    /**
     * Package-private default constructor. This constructor is only intended
     * for unit testing. Normal classes extending XMPPConnection should override
     * one of the other constructors.
     */
    XMPPConnection() {
    }

    /**
     * Returns the connection ID for this connection, which is the value set by the server
     * when opening a XMPP stream. If the server does not set a connection ID, this value
     * will be null.
     *
     * @return the ID of this connection returned from the XMPP server.
     */
    public String getConnectionID() {
        return connectionID;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the name of the service provided by the XMPP server for this connection. After
     * authenticating with the server the returned value may be different.
     *
     * @return the name of the service provided by the XMPP server.
     */
    public String getServiceName() {
        return serviceName;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the host name of the server where the XMPP server is running. This would be the
     * IP address of the server or a name that may be resolved by a DNS server.
     *
     * @return the host name of the server where the XMPP server is running.
     */
    public String getHost() {
        return host;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the port number of the XMPP server for this connection. The default port
     * for normal connections is 5222. The default port for SSL connections is 5223.
     *
     * @return the port number of the XMPP server.
     */
    public int getPort() {
        return port;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the full XMPP address of the user that is logged in to the connection or
     * <tt>null</tt> if not logged in yet. An XMPP address is in the form
     * username@server/resource.
     *
     * @return the full XMPP address of the user logged in.
     */
    public String getUser() {
        if (!isAuthenticated()) {
            return null;
        }
        return user;
    }

    /**
     * Logs in to the server using the strongest authentication mode supported by
     * the server, then set our presence to available. If more than five seconds
     * (default timeout) elapses in each step of the authentication process without
     * a response from the server, or if an error occurs, a XMPPException will be thrown.
     *
     * @param username the username.
     * @param password the password.
     * @throws XMPPException if an error occurs.
     */
    public void login(String username, String password) throws XMPPException {
        login(username, password, "Smack");
    }

    /**
     * Logs in to the server using the strongest authentication mode supported by
     * the server, then sets presence to available. If more than five seconds
     * (default timeout) elapses in each step of the authentication process without
     * a response from the server, or if an error occurs, a XMPPException will be thrown.
     *
     * @param username the username.
     * @param password the password.
     * @param resource the resource.
     * @throws XMPPException if an error occurs.
     * @throws IllegalStateException if not connected to the server, or already logged in
     *      to the serrver.
     */
    public synchronized void login(String username, String password, String resource)
            throws XMPPException
    {
        login(username, password, resource, true);
    }

    /**
     * Logs in to the server using the strongest authentication mode supported by
     * the server. If the server supports SASL authentication then the user will be
     * authenticated using SASL if not Non-SASL authentication will be tried. An available
     * presence may optionally be sent. If <tt>sendPresence</tt>
     * is false, a presence packet must be sent manually later. If more than five seconds
     * (default timeout) elapses in each step of the authentication process without a
     * response from the server, or if an error occurs, a XMPPException will be thrown.
     *
     * @param username the username.
     * @param password the password.
     * @param resource the resource.
     * @param sendPresence if <tt>true</tt> an available presence will be sent automatically
     *      after login is completed.
     * @throws XMPPException if an error occurs.
     * @throws IllegalStateException if not connected to the server, or already logged in
     *      to the serrver.
     */
    public synchronized void login(String username, String password, String resource,
            boolean sendPresence) throws XMPPException
    {
        if (!isConnected()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Not connected to server.");
        }
        if (authenticated) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Already logged in to server.");
        }
        // Do partial version of nameprep on the username.
        username = username.toLowerCase().trim();

        String response = null;
        if (saslAuthentication.hasNonAnonymousAuthentication()) {
            // Authenticate using SASL
            response = saslAuthentication.authenticate(username, password, resource);
        }
        else {
            // Authenticate using Non-SASL
            response = new NonSASLAuthentication(this).authenticate(username, password, resource);
        }

        // Set the user.
        if (response != null) {
            this.user = response;
            // Update the serviceName with the one returned by the server
            this.serviceName = StringUtils.parseServer(response);
        }
        else {
            this.user = username + "@" + this.serviceName;
            if (resource != null) {
                this.user += "/" + resource;
            }
        }

        // Create the roster.
        this.roster = new Roster(this);
        roster.reload();

        // Set presence to online.
        if (sendPresence) {
            packetWriter.sendPacket(new Presence(Presence.Type.AVAILABLE));
        }

        // Indicate that we're now authenticated.
        authenticated = true;
        anonymous = false;

        // If debugging is enabled, change the the debug window title to include the
        // name we are now logged-in as.
        // If DEBUG_ENABLED was set to true AFTER the connection was created the debugger
        // will be null
        if (DEBUG_ENABLED && debugger != null) {
            debugger.userHasLogged(user);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Logs in to the server anonymously. Very few servers are configured to support anonymous
     * authentication, so it's fairly likely logging in anonymously will fail. If anonymous login
     * does succeed, your XMPP address will likely be in the form "server/123ABC" (where "123ABC"
     * is a random value generated by the server).
     *
     * @throws XMPPException if an error occurs or anonymous logins are not supported by the server.
     * @throws IllegalStateException if not connected to the server, or already logged in
     *      to the serrver.
     */
    public synchronized void loginAnonymously() throws XMPPException {
        if (!isConnected()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Not connected to server.");
        }
        if (authenticated) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Already logged in to server.");
        }

        String response = null;
        if (saslAuthentication.hasAnonymousAuthentication()) {
            response = saslAuthentication.authenticateAnonymously();
        }
        else {
            // Authenticate using Non-SASL
            response = new NonSASLAuthentication(this).authenticateAnonymously();
        }

        // Set the user value.
        this.user = response;
        // Update the serviceName with the one returned by the server
        this.serviceName = StringUtils.parseServer(response);

        // Anonymous users can't have a roster.
        roster = null;

        // Set presence to online.
        packetWriter.sendPacket(new Presence(Presence.Type.AVAILABLE));

        // Indicate that we're now authenticated.
        authenticated = true;
        anonymous = true;

        // If debugging is enabled, change the the debug window title to include the
        // name we are now logged-in as.
        // If DEBUG_ENABLED was set to true AFTER the connection was created the debugger
        // will be null
        if (DEBUG_ENABLED && debugger != null) {
            debugger.userHasLogged(user);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the roster for the user logged into the server. If the user has not yet
     * logged into the server (or if the user is logged in anonymously), this method will return
     * <tt>null</tt>.
     *
     * @return the user's roster, or <tt>null</tt> if the user has not logged in yet.
     */
    public Roster getRoster() {
        if (roster == null) {
            return null;
        }
        // If this is the first time the user has asked for the roster after calling
        // login, we want to wait for the server to send back the user's roster. This
        // behavior shields API users from having to worry about the fact that roster
        // operations are asynchronous, although they'll still have to listen for
        // changes to the roster. Note: because of this waiting logic, internal
        // Smack code should be wary about calling the getRoster method, and may need to
        // access the roster object directly.
        if (!roster.rosterInitialized) {
            try {
                synchronized (roster) {
                    long waitTime = SmackConfiguration.getPacketReplyTimeout();
                    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
                    while (!roster.rosterInitialized) {
                        if (waitTime <= 0) {
                            break;
                        }
                        roster.wait(waitTime);
                        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
                        waitTime -= now - start;
                        start = now;
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                // Ignore.
            }
        }
        return roster;
    }

    /**
     * Returns an account manager instance for this connection.
     *
     * @return an account manager for this connection.
     */
    public synchronized AccountManager getAccountManager() {
        if (accountManager == null) {
            accountManager = new AccountManager(this);
        }
        return accountManager;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new chat with the specified participant. The participant should
     * be a valid XMPP user such as <tt>jdoe@jivesoftware.com</tt> or
     * <tt>jdoe@jivesoftware.com/work</tt>.
     *
     * @param participant the person to start the conversation with.
     * @return a new Chat object.
     */
    public Chat createChat(String participant) {
        if (!isConnected()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Not connected to server.");
        }
        return new Chat(this, participant);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new group chat connected to the specified room. The room name
     * should be full address, such as <tt>room@chat.example.com</tt>.
     * <p>
     * Most XMPP servers use a sub-domain for the chat service (eg chat.example.com
     * for the XMPP server example.com). You must ensure that the room address you're
     * trying to connect to includes the proper chat sub-domain.
     *
     * @param room the fully qualifed name of the room.
     * @return a new GroupChat object.
     */
    public GroupChat createGroupChat(String room) {
        if (!isConnected()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Not connected to server.");
        }
        return new GroupChat(this, room);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if currently connected to the XMPP server.
     *
     * @return true if connected.
     */
    public boolean isConnected() {
        return connected;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the connection is a secured one, such as an SSL connection or
     * if TLS was negotiated successfully.
     *
     * @return true if a secure connection to the server.
     */
    public boolean isSecureConnection() {
        return isUsingTLS();
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if currently authenticated by successfully calling the login method.
     *
     * @return true if authenticated.
     */
    public boolean isAuthenticated() {
        return authenticated;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if currently authenticated anonymously.
     *
     * @return true if authenticated anonymously.
     */
    public boolean isAnonymous() {
        return anonymous;
    }

    /**
     * Closes the connection by setting presence to unavailable then closing the stream to
     * the XMPP server. Once a connection has been closed, it cannot be re-opened.
     */
    public void close() {
        // Set presence to offline.
        packetWriter.sendPacket(new Presence(Presence.Type.UNAVAILABLE));
        packetReader.shutdown();
        packetWriter.shutdown();
        // Wait 150 ms for processes to clean-up, then shutdown.
        try {
            Thread.sleep(150);
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            // Ignore.
        }

        // Close down the readers and writers.
        if (reader != null)
        {
            try { reader.close(); } catch (Throwable ignore) { /* ignore */ }
            reader = null;
        }
        if (writer != null)
        {
            try { writer.close(); } catch (Throwable ignore) { /* ignore */ }
            writer = null;
        }

        try {
            socket.close();
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            // Ignore.
        }
        authenticated = false;
        connected = false;
    }

    /**
     * Sends the specified packet to the server.
     *
     * @param packet the packet to send.
     */
    public void sendPacket(Packet packet) {
        if (!isConnected()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Not connected to server.");
        }
        if (packet == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("Packet is null.");
        }
        packetWriter.sendPacket(packet);
    }

    /**
     * Registers a packet listener with this connection. A packet filter determines
     * which packets will be delivered to the listener.
     *
     * @param packetListener the packet listener to notify of new packets.
     * @param packetFilter the packet filter to use.
     */
    public void addPacketListener(PacketListener packetListener, PacketFilter packetFilter) {
        if (!isConnected()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Not connected to server.");
        }
        packetReader.addPacketListener(packetListener, packetFilter);
    }

    /**
     * Removes a packet listener from this connection.
     *
     * @param packetListener the packet listener to remove.
     */
    public void removePacketListener(PacketListener packetListener) {
        packetReader.removePacketListener(packetListener);
    }

    /**
     * Registers a packet listener with this connection. The listener will be
     * notified of every packet that this connection sends. A packet filter determines
     * which packets will be delivered to the listener.
     *
     * @param packetListener the packet listener to notify of sent packets.
     * @param packetFilter the packet filter to use.
     */
    public void addPacketWriterListener(PacketListener packetListener, PacketFilter packetFilter) {
        if (!isConnected()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Not connected to server.");
        }
        packetWriter.addPacketListener(packetListener, packetFilter);
    }

    /**
     * Removes a packet listener from this connection.
     *
     * @param packetListener the packet listener to remove.
     */
    public void removePacketWriterListener(PacketListener packetListener) {
        packetWriter.removePacketListener(packetListener);
    }

    /**
     * Registers a packet interceptor with this connection. The interceptor will be
     * invoked every time a packet is about to be sent by this connection. Interceptors
     * may modify the packet to be sent. A packet filter determines which packets
     * will be delivered to the interceptor.
     *
     * @param packetInterceptor the packet interceptor to notify of packets about to be sent.
     * @param packetFilter the packet filter to use.
     */
    public void addPacketWriterInterceptor(PacketInterceptor packetInterceptor,
                                           PacketFilter packetFilter) {
        if (!isConnected()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Not connected to server.");
        }
        packetWriter.addPacketInterceptor(packetInterceptor, packetFilter);
    }

    /**
     * Removes a packet interceptor.
     *
     * @param packetInterceptor the packet interceptor to remove.
     */
    public void removePacketWriterInterceptor(PacketInterceptor packetInterceptor) {
        packetWriter.removePacketInterceptor(packetInterceptor);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new packet collector for this connection. A packet filter determines
     * which packets will be accumulated by the collector.
     *
     * @param packetFilter the packet filter to use.
     * @return a new packet collector.
     */
    public PacketCollector createPacketCollector(PacketFilter packetFilter) {
        return packetReader.createPacketCollector(packetFilter);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a connection listener to this connection that will be notified when
     * the connection closes or fails.
     *
     * @param connectionListener a connection listener.
     */
    public void addConnectionListener(ConnectionListener connectionListener) {
        if (connectionListener == null) {
            return;
        }
        synchronized (packetReader.connectionListeners) {
            if (!packetReader.connectionListeners.contains(connectionListener)) {
                packetReader.connectionListeners.add(connectionListener);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes a connection listener from this connection.
     *
     * @param connectionListener a connection listener.
     */
    public void removeConnectionListener(ConnectionListener connectionListener) {
        synchronized (packetReader.connectionListeners) {
            packetReader.connectionListeners.remove(connectionListener);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Adds a connection established listener that will be notified when a new connection
     * is established.
     *
     * @param connectionEstablishedListener a listener interested on connection established events.
     */
    public static void addConnectionListener(ConnectionEstablishedListener connectionEstablishedListener) {
        synchronized (connectionEstablishedListeners) {
            if (!connectionEstablishedListeners.contains(connectionEstablishedListener)) {
                connectionEstablishedListeners.add(connectionEstablishedListener);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes a listener on new established connections.
     *
     * @param connectionEstablishedListener a listener interested on connection established events.
     */
    public static void removeConnectionListener(ConnectionEstablishedListener connectionEstablishedListener) {
        synchronized (connectionEstablishedListeners) {
            connectionEstablishedListeners.remove(connectionEstablishedListener);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Initializes the connection by creating a packet reader and writer and opening a
     * XMPP stream to the server.
     *
     * @throws XMPPException if establishing a connection to the server fails.
     */
    private void init() throws XMPPException {
        // Set the reader and writer instance variables
        initReaderAndWriter();

        try
        {
            packetWriter = new PacketWriter(this);
            packetReader = new PacketReader(this);

            // If debugging is enabled, we should start the thread that will listen for
            // all packets and then log them.
            if (DEBUG_ENABLED) {
                packetReader.addPacketListener(debugger.getReaderListener(), null);
                if (debugger.getWriterListener() != null) {
                    packetWriter.addPacketListener(debugger.getWriterListener(), null);
                }
            }
            // Start the packet writer. This will open a XMPP stream to the server
            packetWriter.startup();
            // Start the packet reader. The startup() method will block until we
            // get an opening stream packet back from server.
            packetReader.startup();

            // Make note of the fact that we're now connected.
            connected = true;

            // Notify that a new connection has been established
            connectionEstablished(this);

            // Add a listener for all message packets so that we can deliver errant
            // messages to the best Chat instance available.
            addPacketListener(new PacketListener() {
                public void processPacket(Packet packet) {
                    Message message = (Message)packet;
                    // Ignore any messages with a thread ID, as they will likely
                    // already be associated with a Chat. This will miss messages
                    // with new thread ID values, but we can only assume that a
                    // listener is registered to deal with this case.
                    if (message.getThread() == null) {
                        WeakReference chatRef = (WeakReference)chats.get(
                                StringUtils.parseBareAddress(message.getFrom()));
                        if (chatRef != null) {
                            // Do some extra clean-up if the reference was cleared.
                            Chat chat;
                            if ((chat = (Chat)chatRef.get()) == null) {
                                chats.remove(message.getFrom());
                            }
                            else {
                                chat.deliver(message);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }, new PacketTypeFilter(Message.class));
        }
        catch (XMPPException ex) {
            // An exception occurred in setting up the connection. Make sure we shut down the
            // readers and writers and close the socket.

            if (packetWriter != null) {
                try { packetWriter.shutdown(); } catch (Throwable ignore) { /* ignore */ }
                packetWriter = null;
            }
            if (packetReader != null) {
                try { packetReader.shutdown(); } catch (Throwable ignore) { /* ignore */ }
                packetReader = null;
            }
            if (reader != null) {
                try { reader.close(); } catch (Throwable ignore) { /* ignore */ }
                reader = null;
            }
            if (writer != null) {
                try { writer.close(); } catch (Throwable ignore) {  /* ignore */}
                writer = null;
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try { socket.close(); } catch (Exception e) { /* ignore */ }
                socket = null;
            }
            authenticated = false;
            connected = false;

            throw ex;		// Everything stoppped. Now throw the exception.
        }
    }

    private void initReaderAndWriter() throws XMPPException {
        try {
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
            writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8"));
        }
        catch (IOException ioe) {
            throw new XMPPException(
                "XMPPError establishing connection with server.",
                new XMPPError(502),
                ioe);
        }

        // If debugging is enabled, we open a window and write out all network traffic.
        if (DEBUG_ENABLED) {
            if (debugger == null) {
                // Detect the debugger class to use.
                String className = null;
                // Use try block since we may not have permission to get a system
                // property (for example, when an applet).
                try {
                    className = System.getProperty("smack.debuggerClass");
                }
                catch (Throwable t) {
                }
                Class debuggerClass = null;
                if (className != null) {
                    try {
                        debuggerClass = Class.forName(className);
                    }
                    catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                if (debuggerClass == null) {
                    try {
                        debuggerClass =
                                Class.forName("org.jivesoftware.smackx.debugger.EnhancedDebugger");
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex) {
                        try {
                            debuggerClass = Class.forName("org.jivesoftware.smack.debugger.LiteDebugger");
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex2) {
                            ex2.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
                // Create a new debugger instance. If an exception occurs then disable the debugging
                // option
                try {
                    Constructor constructor =
                        debuggerClass.getConstructor(
                            new Class[] { XMPPConnection.class, Writer.class, Reader.class });
                    debugger = (SmackDebugger) constructor
                            .newInstance(new Object[]{this, writer, reader});
                    reader = debugger.getReader();
                    writer = debugger.getWriter();
                }
                catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    DEBUG_ENABLED = false;
                }
            }
            else {
                // Obtain new reader and writer from the existing debugger
                reader = debugger.newConnectionReader(reader);
                writer = debugger.newConnectionWriter(writer);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Fires listeners on connection established events.
     */
    private static void connectionEstablished(XMPPConnection connection) {
        ConnectionEstablishedListener[] listeners = null;
        synchronized (connectionEstablishedListeners) {
            listeners = new ConnectionEstablishedListener[connectionEstablishedListeners.size()];
            connectionEstablishedListeners.toArray(listeners);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++) {
            listeners[i].connectionEstablished(connection);
        }
    }

    /***********************************************
     * TLS code below
     **********************************************/

    /**
     * Returns true if the connection to the server has successfully negotiated TLS. Once TLS
     * has been negotiatied the connection has been secured.
     *
     * @return true if the connection to the server has successfully negotiated TLS.
     */
    public boolean isUsingTLS() {
        return usingTLS;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the SASLAuthentication manager that is responsible for authenticating with
     * the server.
     *
     * @return the SASLAuthentication manager that is responsible for authenticating with
     *         the server.
     */
    public SASLAuthentication getSASLAuthentication() {
        return saslAuthentication;
    }

    /**
     * Notification message saying that the server supports TLS so confirm the server that we
     * want to secure the connection.
     */
    void startTLSReceived() {
        try {
            writer.write("<starttls xmlns=\"urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-tls\"/>");
            writer.flush();
        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            packetReader.notifyConnectionError(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * The server has indicated that TLS negotiation can start. We now need to secure the
     * existing plain connection and perform a handshake. This method won't return until the
     * connection has finished the handshake or an error occured while securing the connection.
     */
    void proceedTLSReceived() throws Exception {
        SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
        // Accept any certificate presented by the server
        context.init(null, // KeyManager not required
                new javax.net.ssl.TrustManager[]{new OpenTrustManager()},
                new java.security.SecureRandom());
        Socket plain = socket;
        // Secure the plain connection
        socket = context.getSocketFactory().createSocket(plain,
                plain.getInetAddress().getHostName(), plain.getPort(), true);
        socket.setSoTimeout(0);
        socket.setKeepAlive(true);
        // Initialize the reader and writer with the new secured version
        initReaderAndWriter();
        // Proceed to do the handshake
        ((SSLSocket) socket).startHandshake();

        // Set that TLS was successful
        usingTLS = true;

        // Set the new  writer to use
        packetWriter.setWriter(writer);
        // Send a new opening stream to the server
        packetWriter.openStream();
    }
}