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## A very brief history ## A very brief history
The OpenPGP standard has evolved over time. The OpenPGP standard has evolved over time, and remains under active development.
(Also see https://www.openpgp.org/about/history/) (Also see https://www.openpgp.org/about/history/)
### "Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)" ### "Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)"
The earliest roots of OpenPGP trace back to *"Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)"*, The earliest roots of OpenPGP trace back to *"Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)"*, a software program written by [Phil Zimmermann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Zimmermann) and first released in 1991.
a software program, written by Phil Zimmermann and first released in 1991.
The original PGP software has played a role in the political struggles sometimes The original PGP software has played a role in the political struggles sometimes referred to as the ["Crypto Wars"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypto_Wars) (also see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypto_(book) for some of that history, including about the history of PGP).
referred to as the ["Crypto Wars"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypto_Wars)
(also see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypto_(book) for some of that history,
including about the history of PGP).
The "PGP" software was never under a Free Software license, The original "PGP" software was never under a Free Software license, even though its source code has at one point been widely published.
even though its source code has at one point been widely published.
The ownership and branding of the product has The ownership and branding of the product has [changed over the years](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy#PGP_Corporation_and_Symantec). The software enjoys a continued existence, albeit with [changing name and scope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy#PGP_Corporation_encryption_applications).
[changed over the years](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy#PGP_Corporation_and_Symantec),
The software enjoys a continued existence, albeit with
[changing name and scope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy#PGP_Corporation_encryption_applications).
### Standardizing OpenPGP ### Standardizing OpenPGP
While the PGP software was developed as a commercial product, the owner at the time, While the original PGP software was developed as a commercial product, the owner at the time, "PGP Inc." started a standardization effort with the IETF in July 1997.
"PGP Inc." started a standardization effort with the IETF in July 1997. The resulting open standard was named [OpenPGP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy#OpenPGP).
The resulting open standard was named
[OpenPGP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy#OpenPGP).
The result of this early standardization work is The result of this early standardization work is [RFC 2440 "OpenPGP Message Format"](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2440), published November 1998. RFC 2440 describes OpenPGP version 3.
[RFC 2440 "OpenPGP Message Format"](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2440),
published November 1998.
The name "OpenPGP" can be used freely by implementations (unlike the name The name "OpenPGP" can be used freely by implementations (unlike the name "PGP", which is a [registered trademark](https://uspto.report/TM/74685229)).
"PGP", which is a [registered trademark](https://uspto.report/TM/74685229)).
### GnuPG, a free software implementation ### GnuPG, a free software implementation
[First released 1997-12-20](https://gnupg.org/download/release_notes.html#sec-2-70), [First released 1997-12-20](https://gnupg.org/download/release_notes.html#sec-2-70), GnuPG is an implementation of the OpenPGP standard.
GnuPG is an implementation of the OpenPGP standard.
GnuPG has been the major Free Software implementation of OpenPGP for a period GnuPG has been the major Free Software implementation of OpenPGP for a period of time. It has played an important (and successful) role in the release of NSA documents by [Edward Snowden](https://theintercept.com/2014/10/28/smuggling-snowden-secrets/).
of time. It has played an important and successful role in the release of NSA
documents by [Edward Snowden](https://theintercept.com/2014/10/28/smuggling-snowden-secrets/).
## The present ## The present
### Multiple major implementations ### Multiple major implementations
Today, multiple implementations of OpenPGP play an important role: Today multiple new Free Software implementations of OpenPGP play important roles:
- Protonmail, who provide email encryption services for a large number of users, - Protonmail, who provide email encryption services for a large number of users, use (and maintain) [OpenPGP.js](https://openpgpjs.org/)as well as [GopenPGP](https://gopenpgp.org/).
use (and maintain) [OpenPGP.js](https://openpgpjs.org/). - The Thunderbird email software is using the [RNP](https://www.rnpgp.org/) implementation for their built-in OpenPGP support since version 78 (released in mid-2020).
- The Thunderbird email software is using the [RNP](https://www.rnpgp.org/) - The RPM Package Manager software includes an OpenPGP backend based on [Sequoia PGP](https://sequoia-pgp.org/), a modern OpenPGP implementation in Rust. Fedora [uses Sequoia PGP in rpm](https://sequoia-pgp.org/blog/2023/04/27/rpm-sequoia/) since version 38.
implementation for their built-in OpenPGP support since version 78 (released in mid-2020).
- The RPM Package Manager software includes an OpenPGP backend based on
[Sequoia PGP](https://sequoia-pgp.org/), a modern OpenPGP implementation in Rust.
Fedora [uses Sequoia PGP in rpm](https://sequoia-pgp.org/blog/2023/04/27/rpm-sequoia/)
since version 38.
### OpenPGP version 6 ### OpenPGP version 6
This document mainly describes OpenPGP version 6, which brings many updates of the core cryptographic mechanisms, This document mainly describes OpenPGP version 6, which brings many updates of the core cryptographic mechanisms, compared to the previous version 4.
compared to the previous version 4.
As of this writing (in 2023), version 4 of OpenPGP is still most commonly used. As of this writing (in 2023), version 4 of OpenPGP is still most commonly used. OpenPGP version 4 is described in [RFC 4880](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4880).
OpenPGP version 4 is described in [RFC 4880](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4880).
## Concepts ## Concepts
### Certificates/Keys ### Certificates/Keys
All uses of OpenPGP are centered around (asymmetric) cryptographic key material. All uses of OpenPGP are centered around (asymmetric) cryptographic key material. In OpenPGP, cryptographic keys are combined with additional metadata into "OpenPGP Keys", or "OpenPGP Certificates".
In OpenPGP, cryptographic keys are combined with additional metadata into
"OpenPGP Keys", or "OpenPGP Certificates".
See chapter "certs" (link) for more on OpenPGP Certificates, and "private" for handling of See chapter "certs" (link) for more on OpenPGP Certificates, and "private" for handling of private key material in OpenPGP.
private key material in OpenPGP.
### Cryptographic operations ### Cryptographic operations
@ -90,3 +64,7 @@ private key material in OpenPGP.
### Internal structure of OpenPGP data ### Internal structure of OpenPGP data
OpenPGP data is structured as "packets" (and sometimes "subpackets"), internally. OpenPGP data is structured as "packets" (and sometimes "subpackets"), internally.
## Interoperability
```describe, and link to interop test suite```