diff --git a/book/source/03-cryptography.md b/book/source/03-cryptography.md index c63cb97..5658494 100644 --- a/book/source/03-cryptography.md +++ b/book/source/03-cryptography.md @@ -21,22 +21,22 @@ Here are two important properties of cryptographic hash functions: - ["Pre-image resistance"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preimage_attack): Given a hash value, it should be very difficult to determine the original data it represents. - ["Collision resistance"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision_resistance): It should be very difficult to find two distinct pieces of data that map to the same hash value. -## Message Authentication Codes +## Message authentication codes -[Message Authentication Codes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_authentication_code) (MAC, also called authentication tags) are small pieces of information, which can be used to verify the integrity and authenticity of a message. -They are calculated over the original message using a (symmetric) secret key. -The recipient of a message containing a MAC, who is also in posession of the secret key can verify that the message has not been tampered with. +A [message authentication code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_authentication_code) (MAC), also known as an authentication tag, is a small piece of information used to verify the integrity and authenticity of a message. -[HMAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC) is a hash-based message authentication code, which is used in the OpenPGP protocol. +It is derived from the original message using a (symmetric) secret key. The recipient of a message containing a MAC, who is also in possession of the secret key, can verify that the message has not been altered. -### Key Derivation Functions +[HMAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC) is a type of MAC that relies on a hash function. It is used in the OpenPGP protocol. -Hash functions can also be used to construct [key derivation functions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_derivation_function) (KDF). -Those can for instance be used to derive symmetric key material from a password by repeatedly feeding it through a hash function. +### Key derivation functions -A prominent example of a KDF which is relevant for the OpenPGP specification is the so-called [HKDF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HKDF) which is a key derivation function based on the HMAC message authentication code. +A hash function can also be used to create a [key derivation function](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_derivation_function) (KDF). +One application of KDFs is to generate symmetric key material from a password by iteratively passing it through a hash function. -More information on KDFs and their use in the OpenPGP protocol can be found in chapters [5](encrypted_secrets) and 10 (SEIPDv2). +A notable KDF for the OpenPGP specification is the [HKDF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HKDF), which is a key derivation function based on the HMAC. + +For detailed information on KDFs and their role in the OpenPGP protocol, see the [encrypted secrets](encrypted_secrets) chapter and the [SEIPDv2](SEIPDv2) section of the encryption chapter. ## Symmetric-key cryptography