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Merge pull request 'Fixes and improvements to the glossary' (#257) from paul-glossary into main
Reviewed-on: https://codeberg.org/openpgp/notes/pulls/257
This commit is contained in:
heiko
commit
b83204015f
2 changed files with 56 additions and 33 deletions
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@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ Algorithm Preferences
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See [](recipe-algorithm-preferences).
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Asymmetric Cryptography
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Asymmetric cryptography is used in OpenPGP. For a more detailed discussion see [](public-key-cryptography).
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Asymmetric cryptography (also known as public-key cryptography) is used in OpenPGP to send messages without using a prior shared secret. For a more detailed discussion see [](public-key-cryptography).
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Authenticated Encryption With Associated Data
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Short AEAD, refers to an encryption scheme that ensures confidentiality of a message. Additionally, additional data, which is not confidential, may be associated with the message.
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Short AEAD, refers to an encryption scheme that ensures confidentiality of a message. Additionally, additional data, which is not confidential, may be associated with the message, ensuring integrity of both the confidential part of the message, as well as the additional data.
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See Wikipedia on [Authenticated Encryption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_encryption).
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@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ Authentication
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The term "authentication" here is semantically different from the one used in {term}`Authentication Key Flag`.
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Authentication Key Flag
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A {term}`Key Flag`, which indicates that a {term}`Component Key` can be used to confirm control over {term}`private key material` against a remote system. The term "authentication" here is semantically different from {term}`Authentication`. See [](key-flags).
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A {term}`Key Flag` which indicates that a {term}`Component Key` can be used to prove control over {term}`private key material` with a challenge-response mechanism. This is typically done to log into a remote system, often using the OpenSSH protocol.
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Note that the term "authentication" is used in a different context here than {term}`Authentication` of {term}`identity claims<identity claim>` that are associated with a {term}`certificate`. See [](key-flags).
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Authentication Tag
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See {term}`Message Authentication Code`.
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@ -49,12 +51,12 @@ Binary Signature
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Binding
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The process of creating a {term}`Binding Signature` for a {term}`Component`, or the resulting {term}`Binding Signature`.
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See {ref}`binding-signatures` for more.
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See [](binding-signatures) for more.
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Binding Signature
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A {term}`self-signature` on a {term}`component` which associates that {term}`component` to the issuing {term}`component key` in a {term}`certificate<OpenPGP Certificate>`.
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See {ref}`binding-signatures` for more.
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See [](binding-signatures) for more.
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CA
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See {term}`Certification Authority`.
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@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ Certificate Authority
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See {term}`Certification Authority`
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Certificate Holder
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A person or other entity, that holds an {term}`Transferable Secret Key` and thus is able to modify the accompanying {term}`OpenPGP Certificate`.
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A person or other entity, that holds an {term}`Transferable Secret Key` and thus is able to modify the accompanying {term}`OpenPGP Certificate`. Typically this is the owner of {term}`OpenPGP key`.
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Certification
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A certification, in OpenPGP, is a signature that makes a statement about an {term}`identity` in a {term}`certificate<OpenPGP Certificate>`, or an entire {term}`certificate<OpenPGP Certificate>`.
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@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ Certification Revocation Signature Packet
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Certification Signature
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See {term}`Certification`.
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Certifying Self-signature
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Certifying Self-Signature
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An {term}`OpenPGP Signature Packet` by the {term}`Certificate Holder` on an {term}`Identity Component` of their own {term}`Certificate`.
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Certifying Signature
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@ -112,23 +114,26 @@ Component
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Component Key
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See {term}`OpenPGP Component Key`.
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Compressed Data Packet
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A packet containing a compressed {term}`OpenPGP Message` (typically a {term}`Literal Data Packet`).
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Compression
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See {term}`Data Compression`.
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Creation Time
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The point in time at which e.g. an {term}`OpenPGP Certificate`, or one of its {term}`component<Component>` is created.
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The point in time at which e.g. an {term}`OpenPGP Signature`, an {term}`OpenPGP Certificate`, or one of its {term}`component<Component>` is created.
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Creator
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See {term}`Issuer`.
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Criticality Flag
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A flag on {term}`Subpacket`s, that defines their criticality, which is used for validation. See [](criticality-of-subpackets).
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A flag on {term}`Subpacket`s, that can mark them as critical or non-critical, which is has an influence on signature validation. See [](criticality-of-subpackets).
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Cryptographic Key
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A {term}`symmetric<Symmetric Cryptography>` or {term}`asymmetric<Asymmetric Cryptography>` cryptographic key is used for signing and encryption operations. See [](cryptography).
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A {term}`symmetric<Symmetric Cryptography>` or {term}`asymmetric<Asymmetric Cryptography>` cryptographic key. See [](cryptography).
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Cryptographic Signature
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A raw cryptographic signature is a sequence of bytes created by a {term}`Cryptographic Key`.
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A raw cryptographic signature is an algorithm-specific sequence of bytes created by a {term}`Cryptographic Key`.
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CTB
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See {term}`Cipher Type Byte`.
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@ -151,19 +156,28 @@ Delegation
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This kind of delegation involves {term}`certifications<Certification>` that include the {term}`trust signature` subpacket.
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Detached Signature
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A {term}`Data Signature` which exists as a separate file to the file it was created for. See [](forms-of-data-signatures).
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A {term}`Data Signature` which exists separately to the data it was created for. See [](forms-of-data-signatures).
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Direct Key Signature
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A {term}`Signature` that sets preferences and advertises {term}`features<Features Subpacket>` applicable to an entire {term}`Certificate`. See [](direct-key-signature).
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Describes both a {term}`Signature Type ID`, as well as an according {term}`OpenPGP Signature` over a {term}`Primary Key`.
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Issued as a {term}`Self-Signature` it sets preferences and advertises {term}`features<Features Subpacket>` applicable to an entire {term}`Certificate`. See [](direct-key-signature).
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Embedded Signature Subpacket
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An {term}`OpenPGP Signature Subpacket` which contains a complete {term}`OpenPGP Signature Packet`.
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See [RFC 5.2.3.34](https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-openpgp-crypto-refresh-12.html#name-embedded-signature)
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Encrypted Data
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Data that is encrypted.
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See [](/encryption).
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Encryption Key Flag
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A {term}`Key Flag`, indicating that a {term}`Component Key` can be used for encrypting data. See [](key-flags).
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There are two distinct encryption key flags, indicating that the key can encrypt communications, or data in long-term storage respectively.
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Expiration
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A mechanism by which a {term}`Component` is invalidated due to the {term}`Expiration Time` of its {term}`binding signature` being older than the {term}`Reference Time` by which it is validated.
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@ -171,7 +185,7 @@ Expiration Time
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The time of expiry of an {term}`OpenPGP Signature Packet`.
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Features Subpacket
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A {term}`OpenPGP Signature Subpacket`, which denotes advanced OpenPGP features an {term}`implementation<OpenPGP Implementation>` supports.
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An {term}`OpenPGP Signature Subpacket`, which denotes advanced OpenPGP features an {term}`implementation<OpenPGP Implementation>` supports.
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For an in-depth view on these {term}`subpackets<OpenPGP Signature Subpacket>` see [](zoom-dks).
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@ -196,6 +210,9 @@ Hash Digest
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Hash Function
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A function used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values (see {term}`Hash Digest`).
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Hash Value
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See {term}`Hash Digest`.
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Hashed Area
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An area in an {term}`OpenPGP Signature Packet` containing {term}`OpenPGP Signature Subpacket`s, that is covered by the {term}`Hash Digest` a {term}`Cryptographic Signature` is created for. See [](subpacket-areas).
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@ -206,11 +223,15 @@ Hybrid Cryptosystem
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A cryptographic system that employs both {term}`Asymmetric Cryptography` and {term}`Symmetric Cryptography`. See [](hybrid-cryptosystems).
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Identity
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An identity of a {term}`Certificate Holder`. It is represented by an {term}`Identity Component`, which may be certified using {term}`third-party identity certifications<Third-party Identity Certification>`, or by a {term}`Notation`.
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An identity of a {term}`Certificate Holder`. It is represented by an {term}`Identity Component`, which may be certified using {term}`identity certifications<Identity Certification>`, or by a {term}`Notation`.
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Identity Certification
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An {term}`OpenPGP Signature Packet` on an {term}`Identity Component` which {term}`certifies<Certification>` its {term}`authenticity<Authentication>`.
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Identity certifications can be issued either:
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- by the certificate holder, as a {term}`self-signature`, or
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- by a third party, as a {term}`third-party identity certifications<Third-party Identity Certification>`.
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Identity Claim
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A {term}`Certificate Holder` may use {term}`Identity Components<Identity Component>` or {term}`Notations<Notation>` to state a claim about their {term}`Identity`.
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@ -227,7 +248,7 @@ Inline Signature
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A {term}`Data Signature` which exists encapsulated alongside the data it was created for in an OpenPGP container. See [](forms-of-data-signatures).
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Issuer
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An entity, that created an {term}`OpenPGP Signature Packet` using an {term}`Transferable Secret Key`.
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An entity, that created an {term}`OpenPGP Signature Packet` using a {term}`Transferable Secret Key`.
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Issuer Fingerprint Subpacket
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A {term}`Subpacket` specifying the {term}`Fingerprint` of an {term}`Issuer Key`.
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@ -253,7 +274,7 @@ Key
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- {term}`OpenPGP key` (which in turn refers to either an {term}`OpenPGP Certificate` or a {term}`Transferable Secret Key`
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Key Expiration Time Subpacket
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An {term}`OpenPGP Signature Subpacket Type` which defines the {term}`Expiration Time` for an {term}`OpenPGP Signature Packet` on a {term}`key<Component Key>`.
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An {term}`OpenPGP Signature Subpacket Type` which defines the {term}`Expiration Time` for a {term}`key<Component Key>`.
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See [RFC 5.2.3.13](https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-openpgp-crypto-refresh-12.html#name-key-expiration-time)
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@ -277,7 +298,7 @@ Key Revocation Signature Packet
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A {term}`Revocation Self-signature` for an entire {term}`OpenPGP Certificate`.
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Key Server
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A piece of software available over the network, which provides access to {term}`OpenPGP Certificates<OpenPGP Certificate>` e.g., by searching for an {term}`OpenPGP Fingerprint` or {term}`User ID`, via the `HKP` and/ or `HKPS` protocols.
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A service available over the network, which provides access to {term}`OpenPGP Certificates<OpenPGP Certificate>` e.g., by searching for an {term}`OpenPGP Fingerprint` or {term}`User ID`, via the `HKP` and/ or `HKPS` protocols.
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Several implementations such as [hagrid](https://gitlab.com/keys.openpgp.org/hagrid/), or [hockeypuck](https://github.com/hockeypuck/hockeypuck) exist.
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Life-cycle Management
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@ -286,7 +307,7 @@ Life-cycle Management
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See [](self-signatures).
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Literal Data Packet
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A {term}`packet<OpenPGP Signature Packet>` in a {term}`Data Signature` which contains data, that has been signed using a {term}`cryptographic signature`. See [RFC 5.9](https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-openpgp-crypto-refresh-12.html#lit) for more details.
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A {term}`packet` which contains the plaintext data of an encrypted and/or signed message. See [RFC 5.9](https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-openpgp-crypto-refresh-12.html#lit) for more details.
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MAC
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See {term}`Message Authentication Code`.
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@ -297,8 +318,10 @@ Master Key
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Message Authentication Code
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A piece of information used for integrity and {term}`authenticity<Authentication>` verification of a message. See [](message-authentication-code).
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Meta-Introducer
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An {term}`OpenPGP Certificate` with a {term}`Trust Depth` greater than one.
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Meta Introducer
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An {term}`OpenPGP Certificate` that acts as a {term}`Trusted introducer` and has a {term}`Trust Depth` greater than one.
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A meta introducer can introduce other (meta-) {term}`introducers<Trusted introducer>`.
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Metadata
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Data related to preferences of an {term}`OpenPGP Certificate` or its {term}`Certificate Holder`, that can be found in {term}`signature` {term}`packets<Packet>`. See [](metadata-in-certificates).
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@ -333,7 +356,7 @@ OpenPGP Key
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Used either for an {term}`OpenPGP Certificate` (containing public key material and metadata), or for an {term}`OpenPGP Private Key`. See [](/certificates) for an in-depth discussion.
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OpenPGP Message
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A data structure, which contains OpenPGP components such as {term}`OpenPGP Certificate` or {term}`OpenPGP Signature Packet` and plaintext or encrypted data.
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A data structure, which contains OpenPGP packets, such as {term}`literal<Literal Data Packet>`, {term}`compressed<Compressed Data Packet>`, {term}`encrypted<Encrypted Data>` or {term}`signed<Data Signature>` data.
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OpenPGP Public Key
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See {term}`OpenPGP Certificate`.
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@ -369,7 +392,7 @@ Owner
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See {term}`Certificate Holder`.
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Packet
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An element in an {term}`OpenPGP Certificate`, which represents {term}`components<Component>` or {term}`signatures<OpenPGP Signature Packet>`.
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An element in an {term}`OpenPGP Certificate` or {term}`OpenPGP Message`.
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Packet Header
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A section of variable length at the beginning of a {term}`Packet`, which encodes for example the {term}`Packet Type ID`. See the relevant [section in the RFC](https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-openpgp-crypto-refresh-12.html#name-packet-headers), which explains this section in more detail.
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@ -386,22 +409,22 @@ Positive Certification
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See [](bind-identity).
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Preferred Compression Algorithms Subpacket
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An {term}`OpenPGP Signature Subpacket Type` which defines the preferred {term}`compression algorithms<Data Compression>` for an {term}`OpenPGP Signature Packet`. This defines which {term}`algorithms<Data Compression>` the {term}`key holder<Certificate Holder>` prefers to use.
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An {term}`OpenPGP Signature Subpacket Type` which defines the preferred {term}`compression algorithms<Data Compression>` for an {term}`OpenPGP Certificate` or {term}`Component Key`. This defines which {term}`algorithms<Data Compression>` the {term}`key holder<Certificate Holder>` prefers to receive.
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See [RFC 5.2.3.17](https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-openpgp-crypto-refresh-12.html#name-preferred-compression-algor).
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Preferred Hash Algorithms Subpacket
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An {term}`OpenPGP Signature Subpacket Type` which defines the preferred {term}`hash algorithm<Hash Function>` for an {term}`OpenPGP Signature Packet`. This defines which algorithms the {term}`key holder<Certificate Holder>` prefers to receive.
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An {term}`OpenPGP Signature Subpacket Type` which defines the preferred {term}`hash algorithm<Hash Function>` for an {term}`OpenPGP Certificate` or {term}`Component Key`. This defines which algorithms the {term}`key holder<Certificate Holder>` prefers to receive.
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See [RFC 5.2.3.16](https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-openpgp-crypto-refresh-12.html#name-preferred-hash-algorithms).
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Preferred Symmetric Ciphers for v1 SEIPD Subpacket
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An {term}`OpenPGP Signature Subpacket Type` which defines the preferred version 1 {term}`SEIPD<Symmetrically Encrypted Integrity Protected Data>` algorithms for an {term}`OpenPGP Signature Packet`. This defines which algorithms the {term}`key holder<Certificate Holder>` prefers to receive and implicitly signifies the supported algorithms of the {term}`key holder<Certificate Holder>`'s {term}`implementation<OpenPGP Implementation>`.
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An {term}`OpenPGP Signature Subpacket Type` which defines the preferred version 1 {term}`SEIPD<Symmetrically Encrypted Integrity Protected Data>` algorithms for an {term}`OpenPGP Certificate` or {term}`Component Key`. This defines which algorithms the {term}`key holder<Certificate Holder>` prefers to receive and implicitly signifies the supported algorithms of the {term}`key holder<Certificate Holder>`'s {term}`implementation<OpenPGP Implementation>`.
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See [RFC 5.2.3.14](https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-openpgp-crypto-refresh-12.html#name-preferred-symmetric-ciphers).
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Preferred AEAD Ciphersuites Subpacket
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An {term}`OpenPGP Signature Subpacket Type` which defines the preferred version 2 {term}`SEIPD<Symmetrically Encrypted Integrity Protected Data>` algorithms for an {term}`OpenPGP Signature Packet`. This defines which algorithms the {term}`key holder<Certificate Holder>` prefers to receive and implicitly signifies the supported algorithms of the {term}`key holder<Certificate Holder>`'s {term}`implementation<OpenPGP Implementation>`.
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An {term}`OpenPGP Signature Subpacket Type` which defines the preferred version 2 {term}`SEIPD<Symmetrically Encrypted Integrity Protected Data>` algorithms for an {term}`OpenPGP Certificate` or {term}`Component Key`. This defines which algorithms the {term}`key holder<Certificate Holder>` prefers to receive and implicitly signifies the supported algorithms of the {term}`key holder<Certificate Holder>`'s {term}`implementation<OpenPGP Implementation>`.
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See [RFC 5.2.3.15](https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-openpgp-crypto-refresh-12.html#name-preferred-aead-ciphersuites)
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@ -461,7 +484,7 @@ Reason For Revocation Subpacket
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See [RFC 5.2.3.31](https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-openpgp-crypto-refresh-12.html#name-reason-for-revocation)
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Reference Time
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A point in time at which an {term}`OpenPGP Certificate` is evaluated.
|
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A point in time at which an {term}`OpenPGP Certificate` or {term}`OpenPGP Signature` is evaluated.
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Regular Expression Subpacket
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An {term}`OpenPGP Signature Subpacket` which allows for limiting {term}`delegations<Delegation>` to {term}`identities<Identity>` matching a regular expression.
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||||
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@ -551,7 +574,7 @@ Signature Type
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See {term}`OpenPGP Signature Type`.
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||||
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||||
Signature Type ID
|
||||
A numerical identifier for a {term}`Signature Type`.
|
||||
A numerical identifier for a {term}`Signature Type<OpenPGP Signature Type>`.
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Signature Verification
|
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In cryptography the mechanism of verification relates to a process in which a claim (i.e., a {term}`signature`) is tested (i.e., using the relevant {term}`components<Component>` of a {term}`certificate`).
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@ -609,7 +632,7 @@ Text Signature
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|||
A {term}`signature packet<OpenPGP signature packet>` with the {term}`Signature Type ID` `0x01`, which is used for textual data.
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Third-party Identity Certification
|
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{term}`Certification` by third-parties to confirm ownership of an {term}`OpenPGP Certificate` by a {term}`Certificate Holder`. See [](third-party-identity-certifications).
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||||
{term}`Certification` by third-parties to confirm ownership of an {term}`OpenPGP Certificate` ({term}`Identity Claim`) by a {term}`Certificate Holder`. See [](third-party-identity-certifications).
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||||
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||||
Third-party Signature
|
||||
A {term}`Signature` by a third-party on a {term}`Component` of a {term}`Certificate`.
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@ -649,7 +672,7 @@ Trust Signature
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Trusted introducer
|
||||
OpenPGP users can choose to rely on {term}`certifications<Certification>` issued by a third party. The remote party of such a {term}`delegation` is called a "trusted introducer".
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|
||||
See {ref}`delegation` for more details.
|
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See [](delegation) for more details.
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TSK
|
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See {term}`Transferable Secret Key`.
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@ -667,7 +690,7 @@ Unhashed Subpacket
|
|||
A {term}`Signature Subpacket` residing in the {term}`Unhashed Area` of a {term}`Signature Packet`.
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||||
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User Attribute
|
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An {term}`Identity Component`, which may hold a single JPEG image. See [](user-attributes).
|
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An {term}`Identity Component`, which may hold complex attribute data, e.g. a single JPEG image. See [](user-attributes).
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||||
User ID
|
||||
An {term}`Identity Component`, which describes an {term}`Identity` of a {term}`Certificate Holder`. See [](user-ids).
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|
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|
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@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ OpenPGP uses [*trust signature*](https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-open
|
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(trust-level)=
|
||||
#### Trust depth/level
|
||||
|
||||
The "{term}`trust depth`" (or {term}`level<Trust Depth>`) in OpenPGP signifies the extent of transitive {term}`delegation` within the {term}`authentication` process. It determines how far a {term}`delegation` can be extended from the original {term}`trusted introducer` to subsequent intermediaries. Essentially, a {term}`certificate<OpenPGP Certificate>` with a {term}`trust depth` of more than one acts as a "{term}`meta-introducer`," facilitating {term}`authentication` decisions across multiple levels in the network.
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The "{term}`trust depth`" (or {term}`level<Trust Depth>`) in OpenPGP signifies the extent of transitive {term}`delegation` within the {term}`authentication` process. It determines how far a {term}`delegation` can be extended from the original {term}`trusted introducer` to subsequent intermediaries. Essentially, a {term}`certificate<OpenPGP Certificate>` with a {term}`trust depth` of more than one acts as a "{term}`meta introducer`," facilitating {term}`authentication` decisions across multiple levels in the network.
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A {term}`trust depth` of 1 means relying on {term}`certifications<Certification>` made directly by the {term}`trusted introducer`. The user's OpenPGP software will accept {term}`certifications<Certification>` made directly by the {term}`introducer<Trusted Introducer>` for {term}`authenticating<Authentication>` identities.
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Reference in a new issue