Incorporate feedback from @IvanPizhenko. Thanks!

pgpainless-core/src/main/java/org/pgpainless/algorithm/SignatureType.java

@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ public enum SignatureType {
             case CERTIFICATION_REVOCATION:
                 return true;
             default:
-                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown type: " + signatureType);
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown signature type: " + signatureType);
         }
     }
 

pgpainless-core/src/main/java/org/pgpainless/decryption_verification/DecryptionStream.java

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKeyRing;
 import org.pgpainless.PGPainless;
 import org.pgpainless.signature.DetachedSignature;
 import org.pgpainless.signature.SignatureChainValidator;
-import org.pgpainless.signature.SignatureValidationException;
+import org.pgpainless.exception.SignatureValidationException;
 import org.pgpainless.util.IntegrityProtectedInputStream;
 
 /**

pgpainless-core/src/main/java/org/pgpainless/decryption_verification/SignatureVerifyingInputStream.java

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ import org.pgpainless.key.OpenPgpV4Fingerprint;
 import org.pgpainless.policy.Policy;
 import org.pgpainless.signature.OnePassSignature;
 import org.pgpainless.signature.SignatureChainValidator;
-import org.pgpainless.signature.SignatureValidationException;
+import org.pgpainless.exception.SignatureValidationException;
 
 public class SignatureVerifyingInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
 

pgpainless-core/src/main/java/org/pgpainless/encryption_signing/EncryptionBuilder.java

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKeyRing;
 import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKeyRingCollection;
 import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSecretKey;
 import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSecretKeyRing;
+import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSecretKeyRingCollection;
 import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.PBESecretKeyDecryptor;
 import org.pgpainless.PGPainless;
 import org.pgpainless.algorithm.CompressionAlgorithm;
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ public class EncryptionBuilder implements EncryptionBuilderInterface {
                     }
                 }
                 if (encryptionKeys.isEmpty()) {
-                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("No suitable encryption key found in key ring " + new OpenPgpV4Fingerprint(ring));
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("No suitable encryption key found in the key ring " + new OpenPgpV4Fingerprint(ring));
                 }
                 EncryptionBuilder.this.encryptionKeys.putAll(encryptionKeys);
             }
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ public class EncryptionBuilder implements EncryptionBuilderInterface {
                     }
                 }
                 if (encryptionKeys.isEmpty()) {
-                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("No suitable encryption key found in key ring " + new OpenPgpV4Fingerprint(ring));
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("No suitable encryption key found in the key ring " + new OpenPgpV4Fingerprint(ring));
                 }
                 EncryptionBuilder.this.encryptionKeys.putAll(encryptionKeys);
             }
@@ -246,6 +247,11 @@ public class EncryptionBuilder implements EncryptionBuilderInterface {
             return new SignWithImpl().signWith(decryptor, keyRings);
         }
 
+        @Override
+        public DocumentType signWith(@Nonnull SecretKeyRingProtector decryptor, @Nonnull PGPSecretKeyRingCollection keyRings) {
+            return new SignWithImpl().signWith(decryptor, keyRings);
+        }
+
     }
 
     class SignWithImpl implements SignWith {
@@ -254,7 +260,7 @@ public class EncryptionBuilder implements EncryptionBuilderInterface {
         public DocumentType signWith(@Nonnull SecretKeyRingProtector decryptor,
                                      @Nonnull PGPSecretKeyRing... keyRings) {
             if (keyRings.length == 0) {
-                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Recipient list MUST NOT be empty.");
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Signing key list MUST NOT be empty.");
             }
             for (PGPSecretKeyRing ring : keyRings) {
                 Map<SubkeyIdentifier, PGPSecretKeyRing> signingKeys = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
@@ -266,7 +272,7 @@ public class EncryptionBuilder implements EncryptionBuilderInterface {
                 }
 
                 if (signingKeys.isEmpty()) {
-                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("No suitable signing key found in key ring " + new OpenPgpV4Fingerprint(ring));
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("No suitable signing key found in the key ring " + new OpenPgpV4Fingerprint(ring));
                 }
 
                 EncryptionBuilder.this.signingKeys.putAll(signingKeys);
@@ -274,6 +280,33 @@ public class EncryptionBuilder implements EncryptionBuilderInterface {
             EncryptionBuilder.this.signingKeysDecryptor = decryptor;
             return new DocumentTypeImpl();
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public DocumentType signWith(@Nonnull SecretKeyRingProtector decryptor, @Nonnull PGPSecretKeyRingCollection keyRings) {
+            Iterator<PGPSecretKeyRing> iterator = keyRings.iterator();
+            if (!iterator.hasNext()) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Signing key collection MUST NOT be empty.");
+            }
+            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+                PGPSecretKeyRing ring = iterator.next();
+                Map<SubkeyIdentifier, PGPSecretKeyRing> signingKeys = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+                for (Iterator<PGPSecretKey> i = ring.getSecretKeys(); i.hasNext(); ) {
+                    PGPSecretKey s = i.next();
+                    if (EncryptionBuilder.this.signingKeySelector().accept(s)) {
+                        signingKeys.put(new SubkeyIdentifier(ring, s.getKeyID()), ring);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (signingKeys.isEmpty()) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("No suitable signing key found in the key ring " + new OpenPgpV4Fingerprint(ring));
+                }
+
+                EncryptionBuilder.this.signingKeys.putAll(signingKeys);
+            }
+
+            EncryptionBuilder.this.signingKeysDecryptor = decryptor;
+            return new DocumentTypeImpl();
+        }
     }
 
     class DocumentTypeImpl implements DocumentType {

pgpainless-core/src/main/java/org/pgpainless/encryption_signing/EncryptionBuilderInterface.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPException;
 import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKeyRing;
 import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKeyRingCollection;
 import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSecretKeyRing;
+import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSecretKeyRingCollection;
 import org.pgpainless.algorithm.CompressionAlgorithm;
 import org.pgpainless.algorithm.HashAlgorithm;
 import org.pgpainless.algorithm.StreamEncoding;
@@ -191,6 +192,8 @@ public interface EncryptionBuilderInterface {
          */
         DocumentType signWith(@Nonnull SecretKeyRingProtector decryptor, @Nonnull PGPSecretKeyRing... keyRings);
 
+        DocumentType signWith(@Nonnull SecretKeyRingProtector decryptor, @Nonnull PGPSecretKeyRingCollection keyRings);
+
     }
 
     interface DocumentType {

pgpainless-core/src/main/java/org/pgpainless/encryption_signing/EncryptionStream.java

@@ -290,7 +290,11 @@ public final class EncryptionStream extends OutputStream {
         literalDataStream.close();
         literalDataGenerator.close();
 
+        try {
             writeSignatures();
+        } catch (PGPException e) {
+            throw new IOException("Exception while writing signatures.", e);
+        }
 
         // Compressed Data
         compressedDataGenerator.close();
@@ -309,10 +313,9 @@ public final class EncryptionStream extends OutputStream {
         closed = true;
     }
 
-    private void writeSignatures() throws IOException {
+    private void writeSignatures() throws PGPException, IOException {
         for (SubkeyIdentifier signingKey : signatureGenerators.keySet()) {
             PGPSignatureGenerator signatureGenerator = signatureGenerators.get(signingKey).getSecond();
-            try {
             PGPSignature signature = signatureGenerator.generate();
             if (!detachedSignature) {
                 signature.encode(outermostStream);
@@ -320,9 +323,6 @@ public final class EncryptionStream extends OutputStream {
             DetachedSignature detachedSignature = new DetachedSignature(
                     signature, signatureGenerators.get(signingKey).getFirst(), signingKey);
             resultBuilder.addDetachedSignature(detachedSignature);
-            } catch (PGPException e) {
-                throw new IOException(e);
-            }
         }
     }
 

pgpainless-core/src/main/java/org/pgpainless/exception/SignatureValidationException.java

@@ -13,20 +13,21 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package org.pgpainless.signature;
+package org.pgpainless.exception;
 
 import java.util.Map;
 
+import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPException;
 import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSignature;
 import org.pgpainless.algorithm.SignatureType;
 
-public class SignatureValidationException extends Exception {
+public class SignatureValidationException extends PGPException {
 
     public SignatureValidationException(String message) {
         super(message);
     }
 
-    public SignatureValidationException(String message, Throwable underlying) {
+    public SignatureValidationException(String message, Exception underlying) {
         super(message, underlying);
     }
 
@@ -35,11 +36,13 @@ public class SignatureValidationException extends Exception {
     }
 
     private static String exceptionMapToString(Map<PGPSignature, Exception> rejections) {
-        String out = "";
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-        out += rejections.size() + " Rejected signatures:\n";
+        sb.append(rejections.size()).append(" rejected signatures:\n");
         for (PGPSignature signature : rejections.keySet()) {
-            out += SignatureType.valueOf(signature.getSignatureType()) + " " + signature.getCreationTime() + ": " + rejections.get(signature).getMessage() + "\n";
+            sb.append(SignatureType.valueOf(signature.getSignatureType())).append(' ')
+                    .append(signature.getCreationTime()).append(": ")
+                    .append(rejections.get(signature).getMessage()).append('\n');
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
     }
-        return out;
-    };
 }

pgpainless-core/src/main/java/org/pgpainless/key/KeyRingValidator.java

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ import org.pgpainless.key.util.KeyRingUtils;
 import org.pgpainless.policy.Policy;
 import org.pgpainless.signature.SelectSignatureFromKey;
 import org.pgpainless.signature.SignatureCreationDateComparator;
-import org.pgpainless.signature.SignatureValidationException;
+import org.pgpainless.exception.SignatureValidationException;
 import org.pgpainless.signature.SignatureValidator;
 import org.pgpainless.util.CollectionUtils;
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public class KeyRingValidator {
 
         Iterator<PGPSignature> directKeyIterator = primaryKey.getSignaturesOfType(SignatureType.DIRECT_KEY.getCode());
         List<PGPSignature> directKeyCertifications = CollectionUtils.iteratorToList(directKeyIterator);
-        Collections.sort(directKeyCertifications, new SignatureCreationDateComparator(SignatureCreationDateComparator.Order.new_to_old));
+        Collections.sort(directKeyCertifications, new SignatureCreationDateComparator(SignatureCreationDateComparator.Order.NEW_TO_OLD));
         for (PGPSignature signature : directKeyCertifications) {
             try {
                 if (SignatureValidator.verifyDirectKeySignature(signature, blank, policy, validationDate)) {
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ public class KeyRingValidator {
 
         Iterator<PGPSignature> revocationIterator = primaryKey.getSignaturesOfType(SignatureType.KEY_REVOCATION.getCode());
         List<PGPSignature> directKeyRevocations = CollectionUtils.iteratorToList(revocationIterator);
-        Collections.sort(directKeyRevocations, new SignatureCreationDateComparator(SignatureCreationDateComparator.Order.new_to_old));
+        Collections.sort(directKeyRevocations, new SignatureCreationDateComparator(SignatureCreationDateComparator.Order.NEW_TO_OLD));
         for (PGPSignature signature : directKeyRevocations) {
             try {
                 if (SignatureValidator.verifyKeyRevocationSignature(signature, primaryKey, policy, validationDate)) {
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ public class KeyRingValidator {
             String userId = userIdIterator.next();
             Iterator<PGPSignature> userIdSigs = primaryKey.getSignaturesForID(userId);
             List<PGPSignature> signatures = CollectionUtils.iteratorToList(userIdSigs);
-            Collections.sort(signatures, new SignatureCreationDateComparator(SignatureCreationDateComparator.Order.new_to_old));
+            Collections.sort(signatures, new SignatureCreationDateComparator(SignatureCreationDateComparator.Order.NEW_TO_OLD));
             for (PGPSignature signature : signatures) {
                 try {
                     if (SignatureType.valueOf(signature.getSignatureType()) == SignatureType.CERTIFICATION_REVOCATION) {

pgpainless-core/src/main/java/org/pgpainless/key/info/KeyRingInfo.java

@@ -143,12 +143,12 @@ public class KeyRingInfo {
 
         if (publicKey == getPublicKey()) {
             return revocationSelfSignature == null;
-        } else {
+        }
+
         PGPSignature binding = mostRecentSubkeyBindings.get(keyId);
         PGPSignature revocation = mostRecentSubkeyRevocations.get(keyId);
         return binding != null && revocation == null;
     }
-    }
 
     /**
      * Return all {@link PGPPublicKey PGPPublicKeys} of this key ring.
@@ -264,10 +264,7 @@ public class KeyRingInfo {
         PGPSignature certification = mostRecentUserIdSignatures.get(userId);
         PGPSignature revocation = mostRecentUserIdRevocations.get(userId);
 
-        if (certification == null) {
+        return certification != null && revocation == null;
-            return false;
-        }
-        return revocation == null;
     }
 
     /**

pgpainless-core/src/main/java/org/pgpainless/signature/SignatureChainValidator.java

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKeyRing;
 import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSignature;
 import org.pgpainless.algorithm.KeyFlag;
 import org.pgpainless.algorithm.SignatureType;
+import org.pgpainless.exception.SignatureValidationException;
 import org.pgpainless.policy.Policy;
 import org.pgpainless.signature.subpackets.SignatureSubpacketsUtil;
 
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ public class SignatureChainValidator {
             }
         }
 
-        Collections.sort(directKeySignatures, new SignatureValidityComparator(SignatureCreationDateComparator.Order.new_to_old));
+        Collections.sort(directKeySignatures, new SignatureValidityComparator(SignatureCreationDateComparator.Order.NEW_TO_OLD));
         if (directKeySignatures.isEmpty()) {
 
         } else {
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ public class SignatureChainValidator {
                     LOGGER.log(Level.INFO, "Rejecting user-id signature.", e);
                 }
             }
-            Collections.sort(signaturesOnUserId, new SignatureValidityComparator(SignatureCreationDateComparator.Order.new_to_old));
+            Collections.sort(signaturesOnUserId, new SignatureValidityComparator(SignatureCreationDateComparator.Order.NEW_TO_OLD));
             userIdSignatures.put(userId, signaturesOnUserId);
         }
 
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ public class SignatureChainValidator {
                 }
             }
 
-            Collections.sort(subkeySigs, new SignatureValidityComparator(SignatureCreationDateComparator.Order.new_to_old));
+            Collections.sort(subkeySigs, new SignatureValidityComparator(SignatureCreationDateComparator.Order.NEW_TO_OLD));
             if (subkeySigs.isEmpty()) {
                 throw new SignatureValidationException("Subkey is not bound.", rejections);
             }

pgpainless-core/src/main/java/org/pgpainless/signature/SignatureCreationDateComparator.java

@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSignature;
 
 public class SignatureCreationDateComparator implements Comparator<PGPSignature> {
 
-    public static final Order DEFAULT_ORDER = Order.old_to_new;
+    public static final Order DEFAULT_ORDER = Order.OLD_TO_NEW;
 
     public enum Order {
-        old_to_new,
+        OLD_TO_NEW,
-        new_to_old
+        NEW_TO_OLD
     }
 
     private final Order order;
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public class SignatureCreationDateComparator implements Comparator<PGPSignature>
 
     @Override
     public int compare(PGPSignature one, PGPSignature two) {
-        return order == Order.old_to_new
+        return order == Order.OLD_TO_NEW
                 ? one.getCreationTime().compareTo(two.getCreationTime())
                 : two.getCreationTime().compareTo(one.getCreationTime());
     }

pgpainless-core/src/main/java/org/pgpainless/signature/SignatureUtils.java

@@ -170,6 +170,16 @@ public class SignatureUtils {
         return datePlusSeconds(creationDate, expiresInSecs);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Return a new date which represents the given date plus the given amount of seconds added.
+     *
+     * Since '0' is a special value in the OpenPGP specification when it comes to dates
+     * (e.g. '0' means no expiration for expiration dates), this method will return 'null' if seconds is 0.
+     *
+     * @param date date
+     * @param seconds number of seconds to be added
+     * @return date plus seconds or null if seconds is '0'
+     */
     public static Date datePlusSeconds(Date date, long seconds) {
         if (seconds == 0) {
             return null;
@@ -183,10 +193,7 @@ public class SignatureUtils {
 
     public static boolean isSignatureExpired(PGPSignature signature, Date comparisonDate) {
         Date expirationDate = getSignatureExpirationDate(signature);
-        if (expirationDate == null) {
+        return expirationDate != null && comparisonDate.after(expirationDate);
-            return false;
-        }
-        return comparisonDate.after(expirationDate);
     }
 
     public static void sortByCreationTimeAscending(List<PGPSignature> signatures) {

pgpainless-core/src/main/java/org/pgpainless/signature/SignatureValidator.java

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import org.pgpainless.algorithm.HashAlgorithm;
 import org.pgpainless.algorithm.PublicKeyAlgorithm;
 import org.pgpainless.algorithm.SignatureSubpacket;
 import org.pgpainless.algorithm.SignatureType;
+import org.pgpainless.exception.SignatureValidationException;
 import org.pgpainless.implementation.ImplementationFactory;
 import org.pgpainless.policy.Policy;
 import org.pgpainless.signature.subpackets.SignatureSubpacketsUtil;

pgpainless-core/src/main/java/org/pgpainless/signature/SignatureValidityComparator.java

@@ -35,13 +35,12 @@ public class SignatureValidityComparator implements Comparator<PGPSignature> {
 
     @Override
     public int compare(PGPSignature one, PGPSignature two) {
-        int compareByCreationTime = creationDateComparator.compare(one, two);
         boolean oneIsHard = SignatureUtils.isHardRevocation(one);
         boolean twoIsHard = SignatureUtils.isHardRevocation(two);
 
         // both have same "hardness", so compare creation time
         if (oneIsHard == twoIsHard) {
-            return compareByCreationTime;
+            return creationDateComparator.compare(one, two);
         }
         // favor the "harder" signature
         return oneIsHard ? -1 : 1;

pgpainless-core/src/main/java/org/pgpainless/util/BCUtil.java

@@ -259,8 +259,15 @@ public class BCUtil {
         return ring.getSecretKey(keyId) != null;
     }
 
-    public static PGPSignatureList readSignatures(String encoding) throws IOException {
+    /**
-        InputStream inputStream = getPgpDecoderInputStream(encoding.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF8")));
+     * Parse an ASCII encoded list of OpenPGP signatures into a {@link PGPSignatureList}.
+     *
+     * @param encodedSignatures ASCII armored signature list
+     * @return signature list
+     * @throws IOException if the signatures cannot be read
+     */
+    public static PGPSignatureList readSignatures(String encodedSignatures) throws IOException {
+        InputStream inputStream = getPgpDecoderInputStream(encodedSignatures.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF8")));
         PGPObjectFactory objectFactory = new PGPObjectFactory(inputStream, ImplementationFactory.getInstance().getKeyFingerprintCalculator());
         Object next = objectFactory.nextObject();
         while (next != null) {
@@ -271,5 +278,5 @@ public class BCUtil {
             return (PGPSignatureList) next;
         }
         return null;
-    };
+    }
 }

pgpainless-core/src/main/java/org/pgpainless/util/Tuple.java

@@ -16,19 +16,19 @@
 package org.pgpainless.util;
 
 public class Tuple<A, B> {
-    private final A a;
+    private final A first;
-    private final B b;
+    private final B second;
 
-    public Tuple(A a, B b) {
+    public Tuple(A first, B second) {
-        this.a = a;
+        this.first = first;
-        this.b = b;
+        this.second = second;
     }
 
     public A getFirst() {
-        return a;
+        return first;
     }
 
     public B getSecond() {
-        return b;
+        return second;
     }
 }

pgpainless-core/src/test/java/org/junit/JUtils.java

@@ -17,16 +17,9 @@ package org.junit;
 
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-
 public class JUtils {
 
     public static void assertEquals(long a, long b, long delta) {
         assertTrue(a - delta <= b && a + delta >= b);
     }
-
-    @Test
-    public void comparatorLearningTest() {
-        assertEquals(-1, Integer.compare(5,6), 0);
-    }
 }

pgpainless-core/src/test/java/org/pgpainless/signature/BindingSignatureSubpacketsTest.java

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKeyRing;
 import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSignature;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.pgpainless.PGPainless;
+import org.pgpainless.exception.SignatureValidationException;
 import org.pgpainless.policy.Policy;
 import org.pgpainless.util.BCUtil;
 

pgpainless-core/src/test/java/org/pgpainless/signature/KeyRevocationTest.java

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKeyRing;
 import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSignature;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.pgpainless.PGPainless;
+import org.pgpainless.exception.SignatureValidationException;
 import org.pgpainless.util.BCUtil;
 
 public class KeyRevocationTest {

pgpainless-core/src/test/java/org/pgpainless/signature/SignatureChainValidatorTest.java

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKeyRing;
 import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSignature;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.pgpainless.PGPainless;
+import org.pgpainless.exception.SignatureValidationException;
 import org.pgpainless.policy.Policy;
 import org.pgpainless.util.BCUtil;
 

pgpainless-core/src/test/java/org/pgpainless/util/selection/signature/SelectSignatureFromKeyTest.java

@@ -15,10 +15,13 @@
  */
 package org.pgpainless.util.selection.signature;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
+
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 
-import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPException;
 import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKey;
 import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPPublicKeyRing;
 import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSignature;
@@ -29,7 +32,7 @@ import org.pgpainless.signature.SelectSignatureFromKey;
 public class SelectSignatureFromKeyTest {
 
     @Test
-    public void validKeyTest() throws IOException, PGPException {
+    public void validKeyTest() throws IOException {
         String key = "-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----\n" +
                 "\n" +
                 "xsDNBF2lnPIBDAC5cL9PQoQLTMuhjbYvb4Ncuuo0bfmgPRFywX53jPhoFf4Zg6mv\n" +
@@ -90,19 +93,19 @@ public class SelectSignatureFromKeyTest {
         PGPPublicKey primaryKey = publicKeys.getPublicKey();
         while (keyIt.hasNext()) {
             PGPPublicKey publicKey = keyIt.next();
-            // CHECKSTYLE:OFF
+            if (publicKey == primaryKey) {
-            System.out.println(publicKey.getKeyID());
+                continue;
-            // CHECKSTYLE:ON
+            }
 
+            boolean validBinding = false;
             Iterator<PGPSignature> signatures = publicKey.getSignatures();
             while (signatures.hasNext()) {
                 PGPSignature signature = signatures.next();
                 if (SelectSignatureFromKey.isValidSubkeyBindingSignature(primaryKey, publicKey).accept(signature, publicKey, publicKeys)) {
-                    // CHECKSTYLE:OFF
+                    validBinding = true;
-                    System.out.println("Valid subkey binding signature");
-                    // CHECKSTYLE:ON
                 }
             }
+            assertTrue(validBinding);
         }
     }
 
@@ -156,31 +159,17 @@ public class SelectSignatureFromKeyTest {
         PGPPublicKey primaryKey = publicKeys.getPublicKey();
         while (keyIt.hasNext()) {
             PGPPublicKey publicKey = keyIt.next();
-            // CHECKSTYLE:OFF
+            if (publicKey == primaryKey) {
-            System.out.println(publicKey.getKeyID());
+                continue;
-            // CHECKSTYLE:ON
-            if (publicKey.isMasterKey()) {
-                Iterator<PGPSignature> signatures = publicKey.getSignatures();
-                boolean isValidPrimaryKey = false;
-                boolean isRevokedPrimaryKey = false;
-                while (signatures.hasNext()) {
-                    PGPSignature signature = signatures.next();
             }
-            } else {
+
             Iterator<PGPSignature> signatures = publicKey.getSignatures();
             while (signatures.hasNext()) {
                 PGPSignature signature = signatures.next();
-
                 if (SelectSignatureFromKey.isValidSubkeyBindingSignature(primaryKey, publicKey).accept(signature, publicKey, publicKeys)) {
-                        // CHECKSTYLE:OFF
+                    fail("Implementation MUST NOT accept this subkey as bound valid since the backsig is missing.");
-                        System.out.println("Valid subkey binding signature");
-                        // CHECKSTYLE:ON
                 }
             }
         }
-
-
-
-        }
     }
 }